[**People in Need**](https://www.peopleinneed.net) is a non-profit organization that focuses on providing **human rights, humanitarian aid, and development cooperation** to people in need globally. They operate in 30 countries worldwide and have been active in the Czech Republic since 1992, supporting marginalized communities, people with disabilities, and vulnerable children, among others.

[**Dobry Andel**](https://www.dobryandel.cz/en/assistance-rules/) works to provide material, financial, and emotional support to **families facing financial distress** due to a severe illness of a child or parent. They help families pay for medical bills, and they also organize events and activities to support and uplift them.

[**Rekola**](https://www.rekola.cz/en/) is an innovative social enterprise that promotes **sustainable urban transportation** by providing shared bikes across Prague. This organization aims to reduce carbon emissions and traffic congestion while also promoting and facilitating healthy lifestyles in the city. Volunteers can help by maintaining the bikes, promoting riding events and supporting marketing campaigns.

[**Pink Crocodile**](https://www.smilingcrocodile.org) is a non-profit organization that **supports the LGBTQ+ community** in Prague by organizing a range of events and campaigns, including their famous annual drag ball event! Volunteers can help in planning, coordinating, and promoting their events.

[**Prague Youth Theatre**](https://www.pyt.cz) provides opportunities for youth interested in the performing arts to develop their skills and shine on stage. They offer programs in **acting, writing, directing, and other aspects of theater**, and volunteers can help in technical support, publicity, and front of house positions.

[**Cool Critters**](https://coolcritters.org) is a **non-profit dog shelter** located in Prague that is dedicated to rescuing, rehabilitating and rehoming dogs in need. They provide a safe and loving environment for dogs that have been abandoned, abused, or neglected. The shelter is run by volunteers who are committed to improving the lives of these animals and ensuring they find their forever homes. Visitors can help by volunteering their time or donating funds to support the shelter's ongoing efforts. Additionally, they offer the opportunity to foster dogs, sponsor a dog or adopt a furry friend. 

[**Dobrovolnik.cz**](https://tinyurl.com/bdha9bet) is a place that groups together **offers for volunteering** for non-Czech speakers in Prague. Take a look and maybe you find something tailored to your interests.

There are many non-profits covering an array of social and environmental causes, so joining one that aligns with your skills and values can allow you to make a significant contribution while also gaining deeply rewarding experiences.

_Author: Trinity Reda_

ray-sangga-kusuma-7uSrOyY1U0I-unsplash.jpg

Looking for a meaningful way to spend your time?

Carnival, known as Masopust in the Czech Republic, is a vibrant and festive tradition filled with lively parades, feasting, and colourful costumes. 
Celebrated in the weeks leading up to Lent, it marks the transition from winter to spring—a time for new beginnings, indulgence, creativity, and community. With roots in both pagan and Christian traditions, Masopust symbolises fertility, abundance, and renewal. 

![https-www.nmvp.czakcemasopust.webp](https://expat-praha-eu.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/https_www_nmvp_czakcemasopust_c1560c7cd1.webp)
_Photography source: [Národní muzeum v přírodě](https://www.nmvp.cz/akce/masopust)_

One of the most iconic aspects of Masopust is its lively parades and masquerades. These processions feature costumed characters such as bears, jesters, and brides. Masks and costumes carry symbolic meanings, representing themes like the cycle of life, death, and rebirth, while often satirising societal norms or authority.

Feasting is central to the festivities, with traditional Czech dishes such as sausages, pork, kolaches, and doughnuts. Accompanied by music, dance, and street performances, Masopust parades create a lively and joyous atmosphere.

![https-www.neplechanaplechu.cz201708sandtnerkovska-vyzva-92-ceske-vdolky.html..jpeg](https://expat-praha-eu.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/https_www_neplechanaplechu_cz201708sandtnerkovska_vyzva_92_ceske_vdolky_html_db63293d7e.jpeg)
_Photography source: [Neplechanaplechu.cz](https://www.neplechanaplechu.cz/2017/08/sandtnerkovska-vyzva-92-ceske-vdolky.html)_

While Masopust is celebrated across the country, certain regions are particularly renowned for their customs. In Hlinecko, UNESCO-recognized customs showcase the rich heritage of the festival, while towns like Roztoky near Prague are famous for their spirited celebrations. Urban centres, including Prague, also host Masopust events, blending tradition with modern twists.

Masopust is more than a festival—it is a celebration of Czech heritage, community, and joy. It allows people to step away from their daily routines, connect with their neighbours, and embrace the joy of life through costumes, performances, and indulgent feasts. As a bridge between winter and spring, Masopust reflects the natural cycles of renewal and the enduring human spirit in a uniquely Czech way.
Whether you join a colourful parade, savour a traditional kolach, or admire the symbolic masks, Masopust offers an unforgettable glimpse into the rich Czech culture.

![autor v poznámkách e-mailujpg.jpg](https://expat-praha-eu.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/autor_v_poznamkach_e_mailujpg_14fb4dcfc2.jpg)
_Photography source and headline photography source: [Nguyen Phuong Thao for Reflex](https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.191204414808819&type=3)_


Photography source: Nguyen Phuong Thao for Reflex (https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.191204414808819&type=3)

Masks, Music, and Kolaches: Experience the Czech Carnival Tradition

That’s where RE-USE Prague comes in. Through this new project, you can easily donate your unwanted items at designated collection points across Prague. The RE-USE locations will carefully store, photograph, and list these items, making it easy for others in the community to discover and reuse them.

Give your pre-loved items a second life and help build a more sustainable, connected Prague! Find your nearest RE-USE point and join us in making a difference.

#### **How does it work?**

- **ReUse point** = centre for reusing objects.
- A citizen arrives at the collection yard and is given the opportunity to take usable items to the ReUse point. (no ID required; service available to foreigners)
- The ReUse Point operator will receive the items, take photos and place them on the [Nevyhazujto.cz](https://praho.nevyhazujto.cz/) portal.
- These items are automatically offered to all Nevyhazujto.cz users as people donate them.
- Nevyhazujto.cz users reserve the items and then have 48 hours from the moment of reservation to pick them up at the ReUse point.
- Once picked up and reused by the new owners, the items are returned to the cycle and no unnecessary bulky waste is created that would otherwise often end up in incinerators.

#### **What do ReUse points accept?**

- Smaller furniture (except upholstered furniture); larger items only by prior arrangement directly with the ReUse point
- kitchenware and utensils
- tools
- sports equipment
- toys
- books
- CDs and CD-ROMs
- art objects
- musical instruments
- clocks and alarm clocks
- strollers
- car seats
- swings
- suitcases and bags
- other household and garden items (excluding electrical appliances)

#### **Do you want a ReUse point in your town or village?**

Are you a citizen? Let your councillor or official at the relevant office know of your interest.

Are you a councillor or official and want more information? Write or call our director at: 

Mgr. Zlata Gergelová
zlata.gergelova@nevyhazujto.cz
608 045 472

#### **Which collection yards are equipped with ReUse points?**

Visit [**Sto•re**](https://www.sto-re.cz/en/) (pictured) - a curated re•use centre in Hall 13 at Holešovická tržnice Monday - Friday: 11:00 am - 06:00 pm to get a glimpse of what is there to be found at the collection yards.

**Collection yard Běchovice - Prague 19**

What items are currently offered by the Běchovice Collection Yard, its address and current opening hours can be found [here](https://praho.nevyhazujto.cz/user/91321).

**Collection yard Horní Počernice - Prague 20**

You can find out what things the Collection Yard Horní Počernice currently offers, its address and current opening hours [here](https://praho.nevyhazujto.cz/user/62825).

**Collection yard Kbely - Prague 19**

You can find out what things the Kbely Collection Yard currently offers, its address and current opening hours [here](https://praho.nevyhazujto.cz/user/85952).

**Collection yard Klikatá - Prague 5**

You can find out what things the Klikatá Collection Yard currently offers, its address and current opening hours [here](https://praho.nevyhazujto.cz/user/91392).

**Collection yard Modřany - Prague 12**

What kind of things the Modřany Collection Yard currently offers, its address and current opening hours can be found [here](https://praho.nevyhazujto.cz/user/78755):

**Collection Yard Perucká - Prague 2**

What kind of things the Perucká Collection Yard currently offers, its address and current opening hours can be found [here](https://praho.nevyhazujto.cz/user/95162).

**Collection Yard Pod Šancemi - Prague 9 - Vysočany**

What kind of things the Collection Yard Pod Šancemi currently offers, its address and current opening hours can be found [here](https://praho.nevyhazujto.cz/user/62784).

**Collection yard U Plynárny - Prague 10**

What kind of things the Collection Yard U Plynárny currently offers, its address and current opening hours can be found [here](https://praho.nevyhazujto.cz/user/93492).

**Collection yards Zakrytá - Prague 4**

You can find out what items the Zakrytá Collection Yard currently offers, its address and current opening hours [here](https://praho.nevyhazujto.cz/user/62443).

dsc_7929.jpg

Use REUSE and give your pre-loved items a second life

REUSE PRAGUE

#### **1. Public Health Insurance**

Public health insurance is available for these groups of migrants:
- Citizens of the Czech Republic residing in the Czech Republic;
- Foreigners with permanent residence in the Czech Republic;
- Foreigners who are employees of a company based in the Czech Republic;
- Applicants for international protection;
- Asylum seekers or persons with temporary protection (“dočasná ochrana”), and in
exceptional cases, foreigners with a residence visa;
- Family members of EU citizens with temporary residence (spouses only). A spouse can participate in the public health insurance of their partner, who is economically active in the Czech Republic and is a citizen of another EU country. If your spouse is a Czech citizen, this rule may not apply.

**Children** have extended access to public health insurance compared to adults. However, it is necessary to pay for your child's health insurance as a self-payer.

**Children born in the Czech Republic**, regardless of their residence status, are entitled to public health insurance for 60 days under the following conditions:
- Health insurance starts on the day of the child's birth and ends on the last day of the month, in which the 60-day period ends.
- Public health insurance is always paid for a full month by a parent as a self-payer. Within 3 days after giving birth, you must call or email the public health insurance company to report the birth of the child.

**Children with long-term residence** are covered by public health insurance until they reach the age of 18 under the following conditions (valid from 1 January 2024):
- The child has a long-term residence permit and had taken out compulsory commercial insurance before 1 January 2024. Commercial health insurance cannot be canceled. You can sign up for the child's public health insurance 8 days before the commercial health insurance shall end.
- If the child gets a long-term residence permit after 1 January 2024, they become eligible for public health insurance upon receiving the long-term residence permit. It is necessary to report the child to the health insurance company within 8
days of receiving the permit.
- Public health insurance is always paid for a full month by a parent as a self-payer.

**BEWARE!** Joining public health insurance does not automatically mean that the state will pay for your health insurance. The state pays for your health insurance only in certain cases. For example, if you are receiving a Czech retirement pension.

##### Public health insurance covers, bonuses or contributions from prevention programs

Public health insurance covers most of the costs associated with medical examinations, contributes to medication expenses, but there are exceptions. Pay special attention to dentists and gynecologists, who may have contracts with your public health insurance provider but may still use materials or procedures that are not covered by public health insurance. Therefore, the public health insurance provider offers bonuses based on preventive care. At the gynecologist, there is usually a fee as they tend to be private clinics.
**Tip:** always ask the nurse or doctor what insurance company they have a contract with and what the insurance company does not cover.

Each public health insurer offers fund benefits. You can find a full list of benefits on your insurer's website. They have standard benefits for dental hygiene, screening for pregnant
women and much more. On condition that you have paid health insurance and go for regular check-ups.

Example: you paid 2000 CZK for a dental hygiene treatment. You will send the bill to your insurance company and ask for a bonus. The health insurance company will send you back
up to 50% of the price you have already paid. For a complete list of medical care covered by the insurance, [click here](https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1997-48) (page is in the Czech language only). Here are the [contact details of
the health insurance companies](https://mzd.gov.cz/zdravotni-pojistovny-2/) in the public health insurance scheme (available in Czech language only).

#### **2. Private Comprehensive Health Insurance**

Private comprehensive health insurance is **available for these groups**:
- Migrants with a long-term visa or long-term residence;
- Migrants with temporary residence as an EU family member;
- Tolerated stay holders (“víza strpění”).

##### Conditions and limits of the commercial insurance

The insurance limit is €400,000. This insurance must be** paid for the entire duration of the stay** and must be taken out **only by an insurance company authorized** to operate this
insurance in the Czech Republic.

Commercial comprehensive healthcare is provided based on a negotiated contract. For private insurance holders, it is best to **contact the helpline and ask for the contacts of the doctors with whom the insurance company has a contract**. If you cannot find a contracted doctor, you need to look for a doctor who also accepts self-pay patients.

At the doctor, you will have to **pay for the examination and additional treatment and medication**. Our recommendation is to contact your commercial insurance company before
your doctor's visit to **obtain a 'payment guarantee'**. This ensures that the insurance company commits to reimbursing you for the cost of the visit. Taking this proactive step helps clarify coverage details and prevents potential payment issues after your appointment. If you have concealed a condition, for which you are receiving a long-term treatment, your commercial insurer may refuse to pay for specific medical procedures related to that condition. Most commercial insurance companies offer an exclusive package to match public health insurance. However, it is less affordable.

Comprehensive health insurance for foreigners, according to the Act on the residence of foreigners in the territory of the Czech Republic, may be offered only by selected insurance
companies. **These six insurance companies are currently licensed to sell Health Insurance for Foreigners:** [Maxima](https://www.maximapojistovna.cz/en/health-insurance-foreign-nationals/insurance-necessary-and-urgent-care?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwkJm0BhBxEiwAwT1AXHfO46GMFzeBVyf05w4xkB-3Qy7Q6Z4yg-WJ4_2-zjTOs41FnsWBexoCKfAQAvD_BwE), [Slavia](https://www.slavia-pojistovna.cz/?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwkJm0BhBxEiwAwT1AXDDfnBxjTzBa_DKMOmclNP8N2_3Mrg3GC5V2y1SLP7u0FmwLsNPWxBoCyc4QAvD_BwE), [PVZP](https://www.pvzp.cz/en/), [SV.pojištovna](https://www.svpojistovna.cz/zdravotni-pojisteni-cizincu/), [Uniqa](https://www.uniqa.cz/), [Axa Assistance](https://www.axa-assistance.cz/cestovni-pojisteni/?externalpartner=03001037&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwkJm0BhBxEiwAwT1AXBLt-cfHhDajgOHR7l4CPRIyFrK-F0ZhoJPoUC62aWJfTcldvt2eyhoCHLsQAvD_BwE).

Foreigners' **health insurance for necessary and urgent care** (often referred to as “standard”) is intended for migrants who intend to stay in the Czech Republic for a maximum of 90 days and apply for a short-term visa. You can obtain this insurance with the insurance companies mentioned above.

##### Differences Between Private Doctors and Public Doctors

_**Choosing between a private or a public doctor in the Czech Republic involves understanding various factors that affect the accessibility, quality, cost, and convenience of healthcare services. Here is a comprehensive look at the differences
between these two options:**_

**Public Doctors**: Public doctors in the Czech Republic are part of the state-funded healthcare system. They provide services through public hospitals and clinics, which are accessible to all residents who are covered by public health insurance. Due to high demand, there can be significant wait times for non-emergency consultations and treatments. Public healthcare facilities are widespread, ensuring that most regions have access to medical care.
**Private Doctors**: Private doctors operate in privately-owned practices and hospitals. They offer quicker access to medical services, often with shorter waiting times for appointments. Private healthcare facilities may provide more flexibility in scheduling, including the possibility of evening and weekend appointments. However, they are most often dentists and gynecologists, though they can also be general practitioners. It is important to find out which health insurance companies they are contracted with. Private doctors often require a membership fee. When visiting a dentist, always inquire about the costs beforehand, as some products are not reimbursed by health insurance companies.

#### **3. Intercultural issues in the medical environment**

##### Challenges

Accessing healthcare as a foreigner presents significant challenges that go beyond language barriers. Many expatriates face uncertainty about when to seek check-ups and what treatments are covered by insurance. Language differences often hinder effective communication with healthcare providers, impacting the quality of care. Finding doctors who speak your native language is difficult in some regions, complicating access to culturally sensitive care. Unclear insurance coverage and the potential for over-
prescribed treatments further exacerbate these challenges. Moreover, being asked to pay extra for personalized care, such as an English-speaking doctor, may discourage you from
seeking the medical care you need.

##### Solutions

To avoid language barriers and cultural misunderstandings, you can always seek free help from an intercultural professional or worker. You can find a list of names on [“Metropole všech”](https://metropolevsech.eu/en/kontakty/interkulturni-pracovnici-a-komunitni-tlumocnici/) or you can directly contact non-profit organizations that have intercultural workers, social workers and legal professionals.

- **Association for Integration and Migration (SIMI)**: Provides comprehensive support to all migrants regardless of their residence status including social, legal and psychological
counseling and support of intercultural workers.
Website: [www.migrace.com](www.migrace.com)
- **Organizace pro pomoc uprchlíkům (OPU)**: Provides comprehensive support to all migrants regardless of their residence status including social and legal counseling.
Website: [https://www.opu.cz/](https://www.opu.cz/)
- **InBáze**: Provides comprehensive support to all migrants regardless of their residence status including social, legal and psychological counseling and support of intercultural
workers.
Website: [https://inbaze.cz/](https://inbaze.cz/)
- **Poradna pro integraci (PPI)**: Provides comprehensive support to non-EU and EU migrants with a valid residence permit in the Czech Republic including social and legal
counseling and support of intercultural
workers.
Website: [https://p-p-i.cz/](https://p-p-i.cz/)
- **The Centre for Integration of Foreigners (CIC)**: Provides comprehensive support to non-EU and EU migrants with a valid residence permit in the Czech Republic including
social and legal counseling.
Website: [https://www.cicops.cz/cz/](https://www.cicops.cz/cz/)
- **Integration center of Prague (ICP)**: Provides comprehensive support to non-EU migrants only. Including social and legal counseling and support of intercultural workers.
Website: [https://icpraha.com/en/](https://icpraha.com/en/)

_Author: Markéta Lučanová (SIMI - Association for Integration and Migration)_

cdc-csWk3OCV7Mc-unsplash.jpg

Health insurance for non-EU citizens

#### Mental Health in Expatriates

Mental health issues are particularly important among expatriates because of the unique stress they face. Moving to a new country often involves a significant **cultural shift**, which can be overwhelming. The need to understand unfamiliar social norms, dietary customs, and language barriers can make someone feel isolated. Additionally, the lack of a support network, as expatriates often leave family and friends behind, can increase feelings of loneliness.
Research shows that expatriates are more likely to experience mental health issues compared to people working in their home countries. A study published in the Journal of Global Mobility found that expatriates are more likely to report feelings of anxiety and depression. This highlights the need for organizations to create strong mental health programs specifically designed for their expatriate employees, such as access to mental health professionals and workshops on adapting to new cultures.

#### Work Stress and Its Impact

Work stress is the mental and physical strain caused by **job demands** that are too high for someone to manage. Expatriates, who are already dealing with the stress of adapting to a new environment, may find their ability to handle work-related stress even more difficult. The pressure to perform well in a foreign setting, often combined with high expectations from both home and host organizations, can create a very stressful environment.
Furthermore, the uncertainty that often comes with expatriate roles can add to the stress. Not having **clear job descriptions**, **performance expectations**, or **career development opportunities** can cause confusion and frustration. This can lead to feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt, which only increases stress levels.

#### Burnout Syndrome

Prolonged exposure to high levels of stress significantly increases the risk of developing burnout syndrome. Burnout is a state of **emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion** caused by prolonged stress. It is often characterized by feelings of cynicism, detachment from work, and a sense of ineffectiveness. 
Burnout can have serious consequences, not only for the individual but also for the organization. It can lead to decreased productivity, poor job satisfaction, and a higher chance of ending the assignment early. Therefore, it is essential for organizations to recognize the signs of burnout early and take proactive steps to prevent it.

#### Work Engagement as a Protective Factor

Despite the challenges, work engagement can be a strong protective factor against burnout. Work engagement refers to a **positive, fulfilling state of mind** characterized by energy, dedication, and focus on one’s work. Engaged employees are more likely to find meaning in their work and remain resilient in the face of stress.
One way to enhance work engagement is by offering **opportunities for professional growth and development**. Providing access to training programs, mentorship, and career advancement opportunities can help employees feel more connected to their work and motivated to succeed. Additionally, creating a **sense of community** within the workplace can help them feel more integrated into the organization and less isolated.
Moreover, organizations should consider implementing  **flexible work arrangements** that allow workers to maintain a healthy work-life balance. By promoting work-life balance, organizations can help expatriates manage stress more effectively and reduce the risk of burnout.

#### Prevention Strategies

Given the complex relationship between mental health, work stress, and burnout, prevention strategies must be comprehensive. Organizations should create programs that include mental health support, stress management training, and initiatives to improve work-life balance. Additionally, fostering a workplace culture that prioritizes well-being and encourages open discussions about mental health can significantly reduce the risk of burnout among expatriates.
For example, companies can provide regular **mental health check-ins** and **access to counseling services** for their expatriate employees. They can also offer stress management workshops that teach techniques such as mindfulness, relaxation, and time management. These strategies should be tailored to the specific needs of expatriates, considering cultural differences and providing practical tools for coping with the unique challenges of working in a foreign environment.

#### Conclusion

In conclusion, addressing the mental health and well-being of employees is not only the right thing to do but also important for business success. By combining mental health support with effective stress management and promoting work engagement, organizations can help expatriates thrive both personally and professionally. This holistic approach equips individuals with the knowledge and tools to effectively manage and prevent burnout, leading to a more sustainable and supportive work environment. By taking proactive steps to support their workforce, organizations can increase overall productivity, improve employee satisfaction, and ensure the long-term success of their global operations.

Author: Karolína Spilková ([Nevyhasni](https://www.nevyhasni.cz/))


vasilis-caravitis-WGOpvIKwq3Y-unsplash.jpg

How Not to Burn Out

How not to burn out

Therefore, it is vital for migrants to navigate the housing market with a well-informed approach. The practical workshop, organised by the Expat Center Prague in collaboration with experts from Prague's NGO[ Association for Integration and Migration (SIMI)](https://www.migrace.com/en/), covered key aspects such as searching for accommodation, recognizing and avoiding scams, understanding rental contracts, and knowing the rights and responsibilities of tenants. This article summarises the key information from the workshop.

#### **The Rental Market in Prague and Czechia**

Prague is a multicultural city and hosts far over 20% foreign residents. The city is characterised by higher housing costs compared to other Czech cities, with a robust transportation network linking it to other major urban centers. On the [website of the Ministry of Finance](https://www.mfcr.cz/cs/rozpoctova-politika/podpora-projektoveho-rizeni/cenova-mapa/cenova-mapa-infografika) you can have a look at the price map, which indicates the prices on a rental market across Czech regions and Prague.

#### **Searching for Accommodation**

**Tips for Where and How to Look:**

●	**Online Portals**: Websites like [Bezrealitky.cz](https://www.bezrealitky.cz/) and [Sreality.cz](https://www.sreality.cz/) are popular for finding rental properties directly from owners or through agencies. It is essential to respond quickly to listings due to high demand, for that purpose it is possible to set up a watchdog function, which will alert you for the listings fitting to your search parameters.

●	**Search Parameters**: Specify housing parameters such as the number of rooms, maximum rental price, and furniture availability. For example, note the difference between "1kk" and "1+1" in Czech rental listings: 
**1kk** (garsoniéra) refers to an apartment consisting of one room with a kitchenette, along with a bathroom and toilet which may be combined or separate, however **1+1** indicates an apartment with one living room plus a separate kitchen, along with bathroom facilities.

●	**Social Media**: Platforms like Facebook and Telegram host numerous groups like 'Spolubydlení Praha' where rentals and flatshares are frequently posted. However, you should be cautious of potential scams and risk behavior.

●	**Realtors**: Although they can expedite the search process, be mindful of commissions, which can amount to a month's rent plus VAT.

●	**Pro Tip: Use your actual social networks**. As soon as you start looking for accommodation, make a post on your social media. Don't hesitate to let your colleagues, classmates, parents in school chats, and other community members know about your search. This method often works best because it leverages your existing relationships and can lead to more trustworthy and personal accommodation leads.

**Avoiding Scams:**

●	Be cautious of offers with unrealistically low rent and refuse to view the property in person (for example, the landlord lives abroad and can not organise the viewing visit, however, asks for the money in advance).

●	Verify the property owner's credentials via the Land Registry and avoid making payments before signing the contract (it is possible that the scammers can rent out the property on a short-term basis and rent it to you illegally).

●	Use established platforms and avoid transferring money through unofficial channels.


**How much money would I need?**

We structured the expenses according to their types. Here is the breakdown of usual associated costs of moving into a new apartment. 


**One-Time Expenses**
1.	**Deposit (“Jistota”/”Kauce”)**: This deposit serves as a security guarantee for the landlord, ensuring that the tenant fulfills their obligations under the lease agreement. By law it is capped at three months' net rent and is refundable at the end of the lease if there are no damages or outstanding dues.
2.	**Realtor's commission** (if applicable): Often equal to one month's rent plus 21% VAT, this fee is paid for the services of a real estate agent to facilitate finding a rental property.

**Monthly Expenses**
1.	**Rent**: The primary monthly expense, which varies significantly between locations and the type of accommodation.
2.	**Utilities**: These usually include heating, water, sewage, garbage disposal, and service charges for common areas. It is crucial to confirm what is included in your rental agreement.
3.	**Additional Costs**: Can include internet, TV/radio fees, parking, and sometimes apartment insurance if required by the owner.

**Paying for the electricity and gas**
Typically, the landlord pays the suppliers directly, with contracts with the energy company in the name of the apartment owner. However, tenants can also transfer electricity and gas to their own name to avoid debt problems. 

Prepayments (deposit payments, “zálohy”) for utilities are set based on actual consumption for the previous year. The landlord must provide an annual report of actual costs, known as "vyúčtování", within 4 months after the end of the billing period. This report identifies any overpayments or underpayments based on actual consumption of services. If the tenant has overpaid, the landlord must return the excess amount without undue delay at the end of the tenancy. 

In case of underpayment, the tenant may need to pay the difference to the actual amount, which can be several tens of thousands at once. It is important to note that when concluding new contracts, the tariffs may be higher compared to old customers. To control the settlement, tenants have the right to request invoices from service providers. 

**Understanding Rental Contracts**

When signing a rental contract in Prague or Czechia, it is crucial to understand their key elements and implications. The contract should clearly specify the parties involved, the details of the rental property, and the terms of the agreement. The contract typically includes information about the landlord and tenant, such as their names, permanent addresses, and contact details. It should also provide details about the rented property, including the address, floor, layout, total area and ideally the specification of the property according to the Land Registry.
It’s advisable to have the contract reviewed by a lawyer or a trusted advisor familiar with real estate or applicable civil law, especially if the contract is not written in your native language. **The key message is simple: DO NOT SIGN anything without understanding it.**


**Selected key aspects considering the contract:**

●	**Duration and renewal**: Fixed-term contracts are common, often for a duration of one year with an option to renew. If no specific term is stated, the contract is considered open-ended.

●	**Rent increases**: The rent increase should not be more than 20% every 3 years for the indefinite contract, it must be proposed in writing by the landlord and agreed upon by the tenant. The contract may also include provisions for automatic adjustments based on inflation (“inflační doložka”).

●	**When the lease term ends**, please pay attention to the fact that termination of the lease could be done under various conditions, based on the nature of the contract whether it is fixed-term or indefinite. 

**Selected issues to consider**

In the rental context, there are specific restrictions on what a landlord can and cannot do, which are crucial for tenants to understand. 

●	Landlords cannot prohibit pets in the lease unless it would cause unreasonable difficulties. 

●	They also cannot prevent tenants from registering the rental address as their residence with the Ministry of Interior (MOI); a rental contract alone is sufficient for this purpose. 

●	Additionally, while landlords can impose fines, such as for late rent payments, these fines, when combined with the deposit, cannot exceed three times the monthly rent. 

●	Landlords are also not permitted to enter the apartment whenever they wish; they must provide sufficient advance notice and have a valid reason for entering, and it should never be without the tenant’s presence unless it’s an emergency situation.

**Moving in and out**

●	**Check-in**: Document the state of the property thoroughly when moving in. Take photos and ensure all defects are recorded to avoid disputes over your deposit upon moving out. Prepare a transfer protocol, where the state of the apartment is documented, it should be signed by you and the landlord.

●	**Moving out**: Provide proper notice as required by your lease agreement, usually at least three months for an indefinite lease. Ensure the property is in good condition, matching the initial check-in state (with regards to the usual tear and wear) to secure the return of your deposit. 

●	**The landlord has the right to withhold the security deposit only in certain circumstances**, such as offsetting the deposit against any outstanding rent or utility payments owed by the tenant. The landlord can also deduct compensation for damage to the apartment or its furnishings beyond normal wear and tear, but they must provide proof of the damage, such as photographs or witness statements. Additionally, if the tenant moves out of the apartment before the end of the notice period specified in the contract, they may forfeit their deposit. It is important to note that the landlord has the burden of proof when it comes to deducting money from the deposit, and they must demonstrate the damage or outstanding payments with clear evidence.

In conclusion, **navigating the rental market in Prague and Czechia requires diligence, caution, and a good understanding of tenant rights**. While the rental market in Prague can be challenging, especially for foreigners, there are resources available to help.

●	**Refugees Welcome Czechia**: Assists specifically with housing for refugees. Website: [www.uprchlici-vitejte.cz](https://uprchlici-vitejte.cz/)

●	**Tenants Initiative (INN)**: Activist member-based organisation offers advice and support to its members. Website: [https://iniciativanajemniku.cz/en/domu-english/](https://iniciativanajemniku.cz/en/domu-english/)

●	**SOS Association**: Advocates for consumer protection, including tenants. Website: [https://www.asociace-sos.cz/](https://www.asociace-sos.cz/)

●	**Association for Integration and Migration (SIMI)**: Provides comprehensive support to migrants including legal advice (partly also on rental issues). Website: [www.migrace.com](https://www.migrace.com/)



_Authors: Stepan Vashkevich (Refugees Welcome), Katerina Losova (SIMI - Association for Integration and Migration)_







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Navigating the rental market in Prague: what you need to know

Navigating the rental market in Prague: What you need to know

The City of Prague is praised not only for its astonishing sights, galleries, and museums (placing **4th in the world in Museums Category**) but also for the development undergone during the pandemic. The city flexibly modified public spaces to accommodate the current requirements in order to maintain a **high standard of living** for its citizens. The city, traditionally rich in sights and culture, is now becoming an **enticing destination for international companies**, such as Microsoft, Cisco and Oracle, attracting plenty of expats and young talents.

In the **World’s Best Cities Report**, cities are ranked on business and education development, prosperity alongside with infrastructure, housing, culture and overall atmosphere of the area.

Full report to be found at the [World's Best Cities Website](https://www.worldsbestcities.com/rankings/worlds-best-cities/).

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Prague Ranking 12th World’s Best City

Prague's dedication to sustainable urban development is evident in its strategic planning and policies, which encompass various aspects of sustainability. **Energy efficiency** stands as a crucial focus area, with the city implementing measures to reduce energy consumption and minimize its carbon footprint. Through investments in green technologies such as solar panels and efficient heating systems, Prague has made significant progress in adopting renewable energy sources and decreasing reliance on fossil fuels.

In addition to energy efficiency, Prague has also prioritized **effective waste management** and recycling programs. The city has implemented comprehensive waste management systems that encourage citizens to separate and recycle their waste responsibly. By doing so, Prague has not only reduced the amount of waste destined for landfills but has also fostered a culture of environmental responsibility among its residents.

Prague's commitment to **sustainable transportation** is evident in its efforts to enhance public transportation systems and promote eco-friendly mobility options. The city boasts a well-developed tram network, extensive bus routes, and a connected metro system, all of which contribute to reducing private car usage. These sustainable transportation initiatives have not only alleviated traffic congestion but have also mitigated air pollution, making Prague a more livable and environmentally friendly city.

One of the defining features of Prague is its abundant **green spaces**, which play a crucial role in the city's sustainability efforts. Parks, gardens, and urban forests are carefully maintained, providing residents with ample opportunities to connect with nature. These green spaces not only enhance the well-being of citizens but also support biodiversity and act as vital habitats for various plant and animal species.

Prague's ranking as the 10th most sustainable city in Europe underscores its commitment to creating a greener and more livable urban environment. The city's relentless pursuit of sustainability serves as an inspiration to other cities striving to implement environmentally conscious practices. As Prague continues to prioritize sustainability in the years to come, it is poised to further enhance its reputation as a model sustainable city, leading the way towards a more sustainable future for all.

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Prague ranks as the 10th most sustainable city in Europe

#### _**A) Social security**_

•	The minimum advances (social security) for 2023 are **CZK 2,944 per month** for the self-employed (if it is your main activity). The advances are changing slightly every year. For the Social Insurance you will be assigned a special number. In the first year of the Trade Licence, everyone starts off by paying the minimum social security contribution. The amount for the next year is calculated according to the business profit in the previous tax year.

•	If the business based on the Trade Licence is your **secondary activity** (possible only if you have other employment and earning more than minimum wage), you do not have to pay any advance payments for the first year. And if your annual income does not exceed the so-called decisive amount (for 2023 it is CZK 96,777), you do not have to pay any advance payments for social insurance next year as well.
•	Also, consider if you want to pay **“sickness insurance”**. It’s not your legal duty. If you want to pay it then the sickness insurance is paid in the amount of 2.1% of the monthly assessment base. The minimum amount is CZK 168 (for 2023) and it is also transferred to the Social Security Office (=OSSZ) account. Sickness insurance makes you eligible for sickness benefits and leave, and for the maternity leave. The sickness insurance starts to be paid only much later after an entrepreneur falls ill (usually even several weeks later), so it rather really covers serious illnesses and many entrepreneurs choose to pay a commercial insurance or put some money aside.
•	For the sake of possible future maternity leave it is very important to start paying the sickness insurance long enough in advance (the whole pregnancy and even sooner) and it definitely pays-off. Precise numbers are to be derived from the income and are worth consulting with specialised social workers.

#### _**B) Health insurance**_

•	The amount paid in contributions depends on your profit (it amounts to about 2.7% of profit), but the minimum is **CZK 2,722 per month** (for 2023). In the first year of their trade licence, everyone starts with the minimum health care contribution.
•	The health insurance company will let you know their account number. You will be sending advance payments for health insurance. The identification number is usually the Birth Number (=rodné číslo, r.č.) which is used as the Variable Symbol. As a foreigner, please ask for the variable symbol.
•	In case you are in a Commercial health insurance system (non-EU), you don’t have to pay monthly advance payments, because you are already prepaying an insurance fee. Having a trade licence is unrelated to Commercial health insurance.

#### _**Flat-rate tax**_

•	**Registration for the Flax-rate tax was possible only until the 10th of January 2023.**
•	Flat-rate tax is a monthly payment made for Self-employed with an annual income of **up to two million crowns**. The flat-rate tax consists of income tax, health insurance and social insurance minimum contribution. The **monthly payment** for the year 2023 is **CZK 6,208**. No tax deductions or tax allowances can be asked.

#### _**!! IMPORTANT !!**_

Once a year, you are obliged to do a **Tax Return for the Self-Employed** and also submit the **Summary of Income and Expenses** to both the social security office and your health insurance office. The deadline is 2nd May. All self-employed persons (except those with flat-rate tax) are obliged to fill in and submit the summary, even those for which there is no minimum assessment base. Please ask your tax advisor for these statements along with Tax Return.

#### _**What if Self-Employment is Only My Secondary Activity?**_

Self-employment can also work as a secondary income, therefore you can have a full time job as well. This is possible only if you have other employment and** earn more than minimum wage**. No matter if you want to have your trade licence as your main or extra income, you still need to visit the Trade Licence Register to get your IČO (Identification Number) and then inform the Financial Administration Office, Social Security Administration Office and Health Insurance Company (see steps [here](https://expat.praha.eu/news/article/becoming-self-employed)).
If the earnings from your trade licence are your secondary income, you do not have to pay any advances in the first year of your business. **Monthly payments will become compulsory for you once the profit of your business exceeds CZK 96,777 per calendar year (2023)**. Even if your business turnover was zero, you are obliged to send a report to the Social Security and Health Insurance Company offices after the end of the year. This can be done by your accountant and included in the annual tax declaration. It is recommended to hire an accountant to help you fill in the forms. Based on the reports and your real income, you might pay some extra premiums to health insurance/social security offices at once.


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Regular payments for trade licence owners

Regular payments for Trade licence owners

**1.	What drew you to study in Prague? Were you considering other places?**
I had always heard positive things about Prague, so it had been on my radar for a few years already. When I started looking at potential programs, I realized that I wanted to prioritize doing an internship. There were only a few programs that offered an internship and Prague was the only one that assisted me in finding an internship. The other program I was considering was in Utrecht, Netherlands. They also had internships but I would have had to arrange everything myself (paperwork as a foreigner included).

**2.	Did you have any cultural shock moments here?**
Not really! I had been to Europe before and I have traveled quite a bit so nothing really shocked me in a significant way.

**3.	What has been your favourite place you discovered here?**
There was a little place around the corner from my apartment that served authentic Chai tea. It was fantastic. I liked to bring my laptop there to study.

**4.	What did you think of the university you attended? How did it compare to your university in the USA?**
My program was based out of a small building in Vyšehrad. I didn’t attend Charles university or any other big universities while here. In comparison to my experience back home, it was very convenient having all of my classes in one building. UCSD (University of California San Diego) has a very large campus and I have to consider the distance between them when I make my schedule each quarter. My program encouraged field trips in our classes which was an amazing way to discover new things in Prague with our professors who grew up here. I would love to have field trips back home. Other than that, everything else was pretty similar, I think they try to keep it as similar to a U.S. model as possible because all of the students are from the U.S..

**5.	What was your most memorable experience in Prague?**
I could say one of the nights I went clubbing with my friends but I think my most memorable experience was showing my dad the city when he came to visit. It felt so great to show him all of the famous buildings (and actually know something about them). He was very lucky to get his own private tour.
**
6.	What didn’t you like about Prague? Is there anything you struggled with?**
I felt like there were a lot of areas that I tried to avoid because of heavy crowds and over tourism. I wouldn’t say that I struggled with it but it was frustrating at times.
**
7.	You’re a history major, what was your favourite historical landmark to see here?**
I am a big fan of the defenestrations of Prague. I learned about them when I was 16 years old in my history class in high school and I have never forgotten them. Somebody pointed out the sites of one of the defenestrations to me in the first few weeks that I was here, and I was filled with pure joy.

**8.	You’ve been travelling a lot this past year, how do the other large European cities you visited compare to Prague?**
I did travel quite a bit while I was here. I visited Berlin, Munich, Vienna, Bratislava, Istanbul, London, Dresden, and Budapest. I felt like Prague was prettier and had better public transportation than every other city I visited. Some places had better food and some had other exciting things but every time I came back to Prague I became more impressed with how beautiful it is. In my opinion, the architecture just doesn’t compare, it’s the perfect size to walk everywhere or take a short tram ride, it’s affordable, and the nightlife is fantastic.

**9.	If you were to show your friends who have never been to Prague, what would you show them?**
I actually got to do this a couple of times! I had a few people visit. I would start at Vyšehrad where we would appreciate the view, then we would walk up along the river past Dancing House and the National Theater. Then we would cut in to see the Franz Kafka Head. Next, we would walk to Old Town Square and see the Astronomical Clock and maybe walk to the top of the clock tower. After that we would walk across Charles Bridge and see the Lennon Wall. The next day we would go to Prague Castle and then walk around that area to shop in the stores. We would finish the day at Letná Park (probably in the beer garden) for sunset. If we have time, we would also go to Petřín and go to the top of the tower for the view.

**10.	 Are you planning to come back to Prague in the future?**
I would love to come back to Prague in the future. I don’t know when but I will definitely be back!

At the end of our interview, I asked Samantha how she would rate her stay in Prague and what tips she would give to people considering staying in Prague for a longer period of time. Her rating of her stay was 9.5, nearly perfect, as “there’s still a 10/10 in the world that I haven’t come across yet”. When it comes to tips, we both agree that the best way to discover Prague is walking around and exploring as there is always a charming hidden space to discover or new friends to find. 

_Author: Eliška Unzeitigová_


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Samantha Skorstad: ‘Every time I came back to Prague I became more impressed with how beautiful it is’ 

**Can you tell us a little bit about yourself?**

Hi and thank you for giving us the space to tell our story. My name is Martin, I am from Argentina and together with Tomáš we run Coffice Prague which is a space that works as a Café/Bistro during the day and Bar/Event space at night. Beyond the physical space, a great value that Coffice has is the beautiful community that gives life to the place.


**When and why did you choose Prague as your home away from home?** 

My journey away from home started a long time ago. First, I moved from Argentina to Brazil in 2009 following the dream of living on the beach. After a few years of life in paradise, I took my backpack and started to travel. First in Southamerica and later, in 2014, I came to Europe with the idea of travelling around for 6 months and coming back to Brazil. 

After wandering around the old continent (between Portugal and Russia), the fifth month I arrived, we can call it by coincidence, to Prague with the idea of staying for 5 days. For me, Prague was a totally unknown city as well as the country (in my school they didn't teach me much about this part of Europe). But as soon as I arrived, everything changed forever. I was lucky to make local friends, especially [David Tesinsky](https://www.facebook.com/DavidTesinskyOfficial), an incredible Czech photographer who became my great friend and daily buddy in bars and adventures. Obviously, these 5 days were extended, and when it was time to return to Brazil, I decided to stay here. Why? Why not?


**How do you find living in Prague as an expat and entrepreneur?**

I came with the mentality of a traveler, and although my perception of the city was changing, for me Prague is still that charming city that captivated me from the beginning. As an entrepreneur, I would say that my experience was also positive, despite having gone through difficulties such as the Covid nightmare (I hope it is part of the past) I think it is a place full of opportunities. 


![martin_miguel_interview_1](https://expat-praha-eu.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/DSC_05661_c3a118d61b.png)


**How did the idea of Coffice come to life?**

Before Coffice I opened a bar/cafe in Vrsovice - Prague, although that experience only lasted one year. Then 3 years after arriving here, I met Veronika (who became my wife and life partner) and agreed that Prague would be our favourite place, the idea of opening a Café ended up being Coffice, a Coworking space for the day and event space during the night.

The outlook was encouraging, we opened in January 2020 and two months later, BOOM, Covid arrived. And so 2 years passed, organizing events when there were no quarantines, and closing when there were. Beyond all the bad, a beautiful community began to grow, celebrating life through music and gatherings.

Despite this, it was not enough to continue and at the end of 2021, we were forced to close Coffice. Everything seemed to be falling apart until Tomáš appeared to save Coffice, with the intention of joining forces, keeping the community alive and opening Coffice in a new place. Personally, I was emotionally discouraged, but his energy and courage were so great that at the end of January he told me: Martin, I have reserved a place and we can reopen Coffice. By the end of February (7 weeks after closing) we reopened in a new house in Letna - Prague 7.

The rebirth of Coffice was wonderful, almost the entire community that we had created, despite being on the other side of the city, was loyal and followed us to the new house together with new people who came through Tomáš and the new neighborhood. The union of forces with Tomáš implied a new direction for the Coffice concept, less focused on coworking and with all the energies put into events, coffee and food. Our events are now more cultural, with lots of music and more local culture thanks to the Tomáš network.


**Who is the project intended for?**

This answer is very simple and honest: the Coffice community is intended for all those who want to be part of a group of simple and happy people whose main interest is to strengthen their social relationships and mingle with the local culture.
It is definitely not our intention to be a place only for Expats, but a space for Czechs to interact with expats, and vice versa.

On the other hand, Coffice is a place for artists or beginners who want to show their qualities, something that happens every Friday in our Open Mic Music Jam or in the exhibitions of various kinds that we have.


**What can people expect when they come to Coffice?**

Here everyone has a good time, many people arrive alone and soon they are making friends with the rest.
Here we are not interested in showing off, if you wear branded clothes or not, or what kind of job you have. Here we are interested in people who are willing to socialize and be themselves (of course, always respecting others)


**Was it easy to start your own business in Prague? What obstacles did you face?**

It was not due to personal circumstances but in general I consider the Czech Republic to be a place that offers many opportunities for those who do not give up. When comparing having a business here and in South America, without a doubt I can confirm that here the rules of the game are much less bureaucratic and without so many obstacles.

In the case of Coffice, it was also very difficult to open a business 2 months before the arrival of Covid, but given this unexpected event, I believe that no country in the world has been different.


**What are Coffice’s biggest accomplishments so far?**

Our community. Although I repeat this word a lot, we are proud of the beautiful group that has been formed. Hundreds of beautiful souls who come here every day, forget everything bad that is happening in the world (at least for a few hours) and come together to celebrate life.


**What are you currently working on and what are your plans for the future?**

We are currently focused on creating new events and further increasing the presence of the Czechs in our community. Regarding the events, for the rest of the year we want to create more meetings during the morning for those who do not have to go to the office every day. We will create meetings in which people can get together for breakfast, lunch and create workshops and an exchange network where everyone can help each other professionally and personally.

Regarding Coworking, although we now work as a Café/Bistro, we have good news. We have joined forces with [Locus Workspace](https://www.facebook.com/LocusWorkspace) in Vinohrady and thanks to that we can offer a 30% discount on the first month of Locus membership. Also, those who are members of Locus will be able to work in both locations (there in Vinohrady and here in Letna). If any of you are interested or want a free day at Locus, you can contact us.

Regarding plans for the future, there is always the possibility of opening in a new location, but at the moment we are taking it step by step and focusing on the current growth of Coffice. Beyond the business, both I and Tomaš love what we do and want to continue doing it without falling into a wild race of living just for work.


**What would you say to other expats who are thinking about moving to Prague?**
If for some reason Prague is within your interests, I think that everything you have seen online about this city is true. The city is extremely beautiful, with a great social life, great demand for work and opportunities for everyone.

Regarding the bad thing you have read about the city or the country: It is true that the language is difficult but with effort, study, patience and perseverance it will not be impossible to communicate. In addition, already a large part of Czechs, at least in Prague, speaks English. If your plan is to open a business or deal with authorities, you will surely need someone local to help you. Regarding Czechs being cold people – I don’t think so, you get what you give. I personally have made many friends here who are now like my family, who have helped me whenever I needed it and vice versa.

On the other hand, if you still have doubts, I recommend contacting the Expat Centre. They have helped me a lot and the work they do is incredible. I take this opportunity again to thank and congratulate you for your arduous task of making the life of Expats a little easier.

I do not want to say goodbye without first inviting all of you who are reading this article, to visit us and meet us in person. If you want more information about our events, you can find more about us here: [Facebook page](www.facebook.com/cofficeprague ) | [Instagram page](www.instagram.com/cofficeprague) | [Web](www.cofficeprague.com)

Online Groups: 
[Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/groups/dailymeetupsprague/) | [Meetup](https://www.meetup.com/daily-meetups-prague/) | [WhatsApp Group](https://chat.whatsapp.com/FgtN696zevSLI7ae6BHdJL)

Or contact us directly via Phone/WhatsApp: +420 774890273 or [wa.me/420774890273 ](https://wa.me/420774890273). If you prefer to visit us in person, our address is [Malířská 14, 170 00 Praha 7-Holešovice](https://goo.gl/maps/AVKNZo5ETXDYacNV6)


martin_miguel_interview

Martin Miguel: The Czech Republic is a place that offers many opportunities for those who do not give up

#### **General Information**

Granting scholarships to citizens from developing and specific countries listed below for studies at the Czech public higher education institutions is an important part of the foreign development cooperation of the Czech Republic and has a long tradition. From the late 1950s to the present day over 20 000 foreign nationals have completed their studies at Czech universities with a scholarship of the Government of the Czech Republic.

**Eligible Countries and Study Programmes**
Scholarships for the academic year 2024/2025 are offered only to the citizens of the following countries:

**Belarus,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Cambodia,
Ethiopia, 
Georgia, 
Moldova, 
Ukraine, 
and Zambia.**

The Government Scholarships are structured to cover the standard duration of study in the following ways:

**Follow-up Master Study Programs**
This includes a one-year preparatory course in the Czech language (integrated with field-specific training). These scholarships are offered to graduates of Bachelor's degree programs. Applicants can only enroll in study programs within select areas where instruction is conducted in Czech. Depending on the subject matter, applicants may be required to pass entrance examinations at the relevant university as a prerequisite for scholarship consideration.


**Follow-up Master and Doctoral Study Programs**
These scholarships are available for graduates of Bachelor or Master study programs, respectively, who enroll in study programs with instruction in the English language.

Each applicant is obliged to fill in an electronic application form at the latest by **30 September 2023**. The successful applicant starts studying in the academic year **2024/2025**.

Detailed information on the terms and conditions of scholarship awards is provided in the binding ["Guidelines for Granting Scholarships of the Government of the Czech Republic"](https://www.msmt.cz/eu-and-international-affairs/government-scholarships-developing-countries-2), issued in Czech and English.



**Source:** Website of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports




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